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  1. Despite numerous genetic studies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), many strains from the Middle East remain misclassified or unclassified. Genotype 1 (GI-1) is found globally, while genotype 23 (GI-23) has...

    Authors: Ali N. Alhafufi, Samy Kasem, Fahad N. Almajhdi, Hassan A. Albaqshi, Fanan A. Alaql, Ehab A. Rihan, Ehab M. Abd-Allah, Ameen A. Alyousaf, Yahya K. Aljasem, Najwa D. Aljehani, Mohei A. Haridy, Ahmed R. Alhimaidi and Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
    Citation: Virology Journal 2025 22:1

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2025 22:85

  2. To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in influenza-like cases in Chongqing Hi-Tech Zone, China, to provide data support and a scientific basis for optimizing influenza p...

    Authors: Wei Cai, Yuhang Deng, Pan Xu and Jianjiang Xue
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:340
  3. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection globally, with significant implications for various anogenital cancers, such as vulval, vaginal, anal, penile, head and neck canc...

    Authors: Yahong Shi, Ning Liu, Yunfang Bai, Kunshan Li, Chencong Li and Yujiao Hou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:339
  4. The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) was caused by species of Enterovirus A and Enterovirus B in the Asian-Pacific region. Broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that can bind multiple serotypes of enterov...

    Authors: Lie Fu, Wei-Ping Jin, Wen-Hui Wang, Chen Wang, Sha-Sha Qian, Meng-Jun Wang, Rui-Lun Liu, Song-Zhuang Li, Ya-Xin Du, Sheng-Li Meng, Jing Guo, Ze-Jun Wang, Xiao-Qi Chen and Shuo Shen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:338
  5. PEDV is a highly contagious enteric pathogen that can cause severe diarrhea and death in neonatal pigs. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms of host’s response to PEDV infection remain unclear....

    Authors: Li Sun, Changfu Cao, Jianbo Yang and Jian Jin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:337
  6. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) demonstrate promising tissue repair and regeneration capabilities. However, the procurement and preservation of these cells or their secreted factors fo...

    Authors: Marina Prišlin Šimac, Šimun Naletilić, Vjekoslava Kostanić, Valentina Kunić, Tomaž Mark Zorec, Mario Poljak, Doroteja Vlaj, Rok Kogoj, Nenad Turk and Dragan Brnić
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:336
  7. The three members of the genus capripoxvirus (CaPV), lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheeppox virus (SPPV), and goatpox virus (GTPV) have common hosts and areas of overlapping geographical distribution with R...

    Authors: Francisco J. Berguido, Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli, Curé Georges Tshilenge Mbuyi, Mame Thierno Bakhom, Petrus Jansen van Vuren, Janusz T. Pawęska, Giovanni Cattoli, Reingard Grabherr and Charles Euloge Lamien
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:335
  8. Monkeypox (MPOX) is a zoonotic disease caused by Orthopoxvirus monkeypox (MPXV), belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, and exhibits symptoms similar to smallpox. In 2024, the monkeypox outbreak in the Democratic ...

    Authors: Xingpei Ji, Ruyue Liang, Chao Bao, Xiuli Cai, Shiyao Chen, Lu Chen, Li Li and Xiaolei Ji
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:334
  9. A multivariate predictive model was constructed using baseline and 12-week clinical data to evaluate the rate of clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at the 48-week mark in patients diagnosed with ...

    Authors: Ya-mei Ye, Yong Lin, Fang Sun, Wen-yan Yang, Lina Zhou, Chun Lin and Chen Pan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:333
  10. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HBV. This study aimed to investigate the value of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promoter methylation in the occurrence and development of chro...

    Authors: Xue Li, Pei Liu, Zhaohui Wang, Xuefei Wei, Shuai Gao, YuChen Fan, Huihui Liu and Kai Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:332
  11. Since the beginning of the pandemic, contact tracing has been one of the most relevant issues to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics and, in this context, the analysis of quasispecies may turn out to b...

    Authors: Serena Messali, Marta Giovanetti, Alessandro Rondina, Marta Bertelli, Melissa Duheric, Francesca Caccuri, Massimo Ciccozzi and Arnaldo Caruso
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:331
  12. The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, necessitates the development of effective therapeutics. The main protease of the virus, Mpro, is a key target due to its crucial role in viral replication...

    Authors: Smbat Gevorgyan, Hamlet Khachatryan, Anastasiya Shavina, Sajjad Gharaghani and Hovakim Zakaryan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:330
  13. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of calceolarioside B, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Mutong (Akebia quinata Thumb), on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant. Molecular docking and molecular...

    Authors: Xiao-bin Lin, Yu-zhi Yao, Qi-rong Wen, Fu-bin Liu, Yuan-xuan Cai, Rui-hong Chen and Jin Han
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:329
  14. In preclinical studies, GST-HG141, a novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulator displayed potent anti-HBV activity in vitro and strong efficacy in HBV animal models. A randomized, double-blind, as...

    Authors: Min Wu, Jiajia Mai, Hong Zhang, George Zhang, John Mao, Yanan Tang, Wenhao Yan, Wenqiang Wu, Jinlin Hou, Xieer Liang, Zhihong Liu, Yanhua Ding and Junqi Niu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:328
  15. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global healthcare systems and spurred extensive research efforts over the past three years. One critical aspect of the...

    Authors: Jia Qi Yip, Adrian Oo, Yan Ling Ng, Kim Ling Chin, Kim-Kee Tan, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Sazaly AbuBakar and Nurhafiza Zainal
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:327
  16. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) causes huge economic losses to pig farms worldwide. Currently available vaccines do not always offer complete protection, due to the extreme variability of ...

    Authors: Giovanni Parisio, Giovanni Franzo, Ilaria Barbieri, Valentina Carta, Tomasz Stadejek, Sonia Manenti, Debora Campagna, Silvia Faccini, Greta Vignola, Giovanni L. Alborali and Maria B. Boniotti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:326
  17. Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel segmented Flavivirus that was first identified from Rhipicephalus microplus in the Jingmen region of Hubei Province, China, in 2010. Subsequently, it was detected in a variety...

    Authors: Baicheng Xia, Zhenhua Li, Wenbing Zhu, Zhen Wu, Yuli Zhang, Yujing Zhu, Hengyi Sun and Guoyu Niu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:325
  18. The Flaviviridae family includes the dengue virus (DENV). About half of the world’s population is in danger because of the estimated 390 million infections and 96 million symptomatic cases that occur each year...

    Authors: Omer Qutaiba B. Allela, Mohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Seyede Mozhgan Heidari, Radhwan Abdul Kareem, Hayder Naji Sameer, Mohaned Adil and Shaylan Kalavi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:324
  19. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading pathogen in the maxillo-facial region, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Its periodic reactivation aligns with the most common course pattern of pe...

    Authors: Yu Zhang, Kalam Lo, Chunmei Wang, Guoliang Zhou, Xiping Feng, Jing Ni and Xi Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:323
  20. Duck circovirus (DuCV) infections commonly induce immunosuppression and secondary infections in ducks, resulting in significant economic losses in the duck breeding industry. Currently, effective vaccines and ...

    Authors: Qi-Zhang Liang, Wei Chen, Rong-Chang Liu, Qiu-Ling Fu, Guang-Hua Fu, Long-Fei Cheng, Hong-Mei Chen, Nan-Song Jiang, Ting Zhu and Yu Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:322
  21. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is on the rise in the post era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Nevertheless, there are no validated predictive models availa...

    Authors: Suling Chen, Yuyuan Xu, Yuanhui Jiang, Hongjie Chen, Xiaoxuan Wu, Zhe Qian, Xuwen Xu, Huiqun Zhong, Jie Peng and Shaohang Cai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:321
  22. Lassa virus, the cause of deadly Lassa fever, is endemic in West Africa, where thousands of cases occur on an annual basis. Nigeria continues to report increasingly severe outbreaks of Lassa Fever each year an...

    Authors: Bryce M. Warner, David Safronetz and Derek R. Stein
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:320
  23. Many COVID-19 patients experience mild to severe symptoms, including respiratory system involvement. Different treatment instructions have been suggested for patients with COVID-19. Echinacea has known antivir...

    Authors: Elham Kheirandish, Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh, Mousa Mahdizadeh, Fariba Rezaeitalab, Mahdi Yousefi and Seyedeh Sara Rezazadeh Shojaee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:319
  24. The use of bacteriophages for therapy has increased over the last decade. While there is need for clear regulatory pathways for bacteriophage approval for mainstream use in clinical practice, practitioners and...

    Authors: Siti Saleha Binte Mohamed Yakob Adil, Joseph Tucci, Helen Irving, Cassandra Cianciarulo and Mwila Kabwe
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:318
  25. Authors: Reem El-Shenawy, Rehab I. Moustafa, Naiera M. Helmy, Yasmine S. El-Abd, Ashraf A. Tabll, Yasser K. Elesnawy and Heba Shawky
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:317

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2024 21:293

  26. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency, and SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia poses significant challenges to health systems worldwide. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are a special gro...

    Authors: Sai Zhang, Xiang Ding, Chunmi Geng and Hong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:315
  27. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic DNA virus that can cause acute or chronic hepatitis, representing a significant global health concern. By 2019, approximately 296 million individuals were chronically ...

    Authors: Zhuoyan Lei, Luye Wang, Hanlin Gao, Shubian Guo, Xinjian Kang, Jiajun Yuan, Ziying Lv, Yuxin Jiang, Jinping Yi, Zhi Chen and Gang Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:314
  28. The influenza virus is considered as a kind of significant zoonotic infectious disease identified to date, with severe infections in humans characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue damage, usually re...

    Authors: Hui Li, Yanping Zong, Jiajie Li, Zheng Zhou, Yonglong Chang, Weibing Shi and Jinchen Guo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:313
  29. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces severe immunosuppression in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. This study investigated 52 chicken flocks, including ...

    Authors: Amr H. Abd El-Fatah, Dalia Ayman, Mahmoud Samir, Soad Eid, Mahmoud Elgamal, A. A. El-sanousi, Mahmoud Ibrahim, M. AlKhazindar, M. M. Ali and Amira Afify
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:312
  30. Viral infections are known to induce the occurrence and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have indicated a possible relationship between SLE and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) ...

    Authors: Xin Luo, Liuliu Quan, Qingting Lin, Huiteng Rong, Yue Liu, Jiaqi Meng and Xin You
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:311
  31. The Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) has been used as a carrier of several heterologous protein fragments based on its capacity to form virus-like particles (VLPs) and to activate innate and adaptive immune re...

    Authors: Yadira Lobaina, Alexis Musacchio, Panchao Ai, Rong Chen, Edith Suzarte, Glay Chinea, Miaohong Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhou, Yaqin Lan, Ricardo Silva, Gerardo Guillén, Ke Yang, Wen Li, Yasser Perera and Lisset Hermida
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:310
  32. The garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus) has experienced a significant population decline across Europe in recent decades. While habitat loss and climate change are often cited as primary factors, pathogen exposur...

    Authors: Emilija Vasiliūnaitė, Monika Repšytė, Eva Marie Kramer, Johannes Lang, Christine Jelinek, Rainer G. Ulrich, Christopher B. Buck and Alma Gedvilaitė
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:309
  33. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Family Geminiviridae, Genus Begomovirus) is a serious menace in the cultivation of tomato causing Tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD). Recently, we presented the TYLCV isolates having ...

    Authors: Abrar Akbar, Hanadi Al Hashash and Ebtisam Al-Ali
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:308
  34. In the evolution landscape of HIV, the coexistence of multiple subtypes has led to new, complex recombinants, posing public health challenges. CRF55_01B, first identified among MSM in Shenzhen, China, has spre...

    Authors: Yan Jiao, Minghui An, Nan Zhang, Hui Zhang, Chenli Zheng, Lin Chen, Hao Li, Yan Zhang, Yongxia Gan, Jin Zhao, Hong Shang and Xiaoxu Han
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:306
  35. Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are the most common arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) globally. So far, no autochthonous cases of DENV and CHIKV infections have been reported in Iran. Nev...

    Authors: Seyed-Mahmood Seyed-Khorami, Ehsan Mostafavi, Sepideh Gerdooei, Seyed Marzieh Sajadi, Laya Farhan Asadi, Tahmineh Jalali, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Fatemeh Nikpour, Abdolreza Mirolyaei, Ahmad Raeisi, Shahnam Arshi, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Ahmadali Enayati, Morteza Zaim and Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:305
  36. Influenza A has been named as a priority pathogen by the WHO due to the potential to cause pandemics. Genomic sequencing of influenza strains is important to understand the evolution of the influenza strains a...

    Authors: Tibutius Thanesh Pramanayagam Jayadas, Chandima Jeewandara, Bhagya Senadheera, Heshan Kuruppu, Rivindu Wickramanayake, Padukkage Harshani Chathurangika, Nushara Senatilleke, Navanjana Warnakulasuriya, Farha Bary, Ananda Wijewickrama, Suranga Manilgama, Manouri Gamage, Nilanka Perera, Graham S. Ogg and Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:304
  37. During the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022 in China, various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens. From 2023, Chin...

    Authors: Shun Liu, Yao Lei, Xiuxiu Chen, Zihan Wen and Bing Mei
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:303
  38. Gene therapy holds great potential for treating various acquired and inherited pulmonary diseases. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have been thought to be primary candidates for gene delivery in patients ...

    Authors: Haoyu Wu, Ailing Zhao, Ye Bu, Weiping Yang, Lang He, Yujian Zhong, Dong Yao, Huapeng Li and Wenguang Yin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:302
  39. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Different types of HPV have varying carcinogenic capabilities, and viral load is one of the key indicators of pathogenicity. Currently...

    Authors: Zuyi Chen, Xiaoyang Li, Di Tian, Jingchi Liu, Xia Bai, Tingting Feng, Shiqi Chen, Lin Chen and Qiongyao Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:301
  40. The initial clinical symptoms of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) mainly include high fever, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms, and severe patients may suffer from severe complic...

    Authors: Rongjiao Liu, Fangling He, Shengbao Chen, Juan Wang, Chan Yang, Zhifei Zhan, Yaru Xiong and Liang Cai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:300
  41. Our study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients (PLTRs), after the national COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, we will investigate changes in ...

    Authors: Zhigang Zheng, Yefeng Lu, Huimin Wu, Pui U. Lam, Xiaowei Sun, Yanyan Song, Hao Ji, Yi Luo, Tao Zhou, Mingxuan Feng, Ping Wan, Jianjun Zhu, Peiying Li, Jun Deng, Nan Shen, Qing Cao…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:299
  42. From 2022 to 2023, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by Omicron variants spread rapidly in Guangdong Province, resulting in over 80% of the population being infected.

    Authors: Huan Zhang, Baisheng Li, Jiufeng Sun, Lirong Zou, Lina Yi, Huifang Lin, Pingping Zhou, Chumin Liang, Lilian Zeng, Xue Zhuang, Zhe Liu, Jing Lu, Jianfeng He and Runyu Yuan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:298
  43. The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has not only affected humans but also raised concerns about its transmission to wild animals, potentially creating natural reservoirs. Understanding these dynamics is critical...

    Authors: Anisleidy Pérez Castillo, João Victor Oliveira Miranda, Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca, Rennan Garcias Moreira, Luiza Campos Guerra de Araújo e Santos, Daniel Costa Queiroz, Diego Menezes Bonfim, Carlyle Mendes Coelho, Paula Cristina Senra Lima, Rafael Otávio Cançado Motta, Herlandes Penha Tinoco, Júlia Angélica Gonçalves da Silveira and Renato Santana Aguiar
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:297
  44. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut-heart axis is critical in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The gut serves as the primary pathway through which Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infects its host, lea...

    Authors: Yimin Xue, Shirong Lin, Mingguang Chen, Jun Ke, Jiuyun Zhang, Qiaolian Fan, Yimei Chen and Feng Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:295
  45. Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV7) has become a major public health threat due to its widespread transmission, severe associated pneumonia, and a lack of effective anti-HAdV7 drugs. The aim of the current study i...

    Authors: Chengxing Zhou, Xiaohong Liao, Zhichao Zhou, Chuncong Mo, Yujie Yang, Hui Liao, Minglei Liu, Qiong Zhang, Qiuru Li, Xingui Tian, Rong Zhou and Hong Cao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:294
  46. Although direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized the management of chronic HCV, the debatable association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence/recurrence has raised major concerns about t...

    Authors: Reem El-Shenawy, Rehab I. Moustafa, Naiera M. Helmy, Yasmine S. El-Abd, Ashraf A. Tabll, Yasser K. Elesnawy and Heba Shawky
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:293

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2024 21:317

  47. Infection is the cause of diarrhoea, and rotaviruses and adenoviruses are important pathogens in children.

    Authors: Yuqian Yan, Zhiwei Zeng, Huixin Gao, Shanshui Zeng, Siqin Duan, Jun Jiang, Xiaolan Ai, Lanlan Zeng, Shuwen Yao and Yan Long
    Citation: Virology Journal 2024 21:292