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Table 1 Summary of drug resistance

From: Salvage therapy with an Albuvirtide-based antiretroviral regimen for multi-drug resistant HIV and drug-resistant HBV with renal impairment: a case report

Test Date

Drug Class

Resistance Mutations

Resistance Level Changes

Jul 2009

NRTI

M41L, E44D, M184 V, L210 W, T215 F

- 3 TC: High-Level Resistance

- ABC: Intermediate Resistance

- AZT: Intermediate Resistance

- D4 T: Intermediate Resistance

- DDI: Intermediate Resistance

- FTC: High-Level Resistance

- TDF: Low-Level Resistance

 

NNRTI

V106L, Y188L

- DLV: Intermediate Resistance

- EFV: High-Level Resistance

- ETR: Low-Level Resistance

- NVP: High-Level Resistance

 

PI

M46I, I47 V, L76 V, V82 F, L10I, E35G, Q58E, I85 V

- ATV: Intermediate Resistance

- DRV: Intermediate Resistance

- FPV: High-Level Resistance

- IDV: High-Level Resistance

- LPV: High-Level Resistance

- NFV: High-Level Resistance

- SQV: Potential Low-Level Resistance

- TPV: Intermediate Resistance

Aug 2010

NRTI

M41L, E44D, M184 V, L210 W, T215 F, K70 AEKT

- ABC: High-Level Resistance ↑

- AZT: High-Level Resistance ↑

- D4 T: High-Level Resistance ↑

- DDI: High-Level Resistance ↑

- TDF: Intermediate Resistance ↑

 

NNRTI

V106L, Y188L

- ETR: Potential Low-Level Resistance ↓

 

PI

M46I, I47 V, L76 V, V82 F, V32I, L10I, E35G, Q58E, I85 V, T74ST

No change reported

May 2019

NRTI

M41L, E44D, M184 V, L210 W, T215 F, K70 AEKT

No change reported

 

NNRTI

Y188L

- DOR: High-Level Resistance ↑

 

PI

M46I, I47 V, L76 V, V82 F, V32I, L10 F, K20 T, Q58E

- ATV: High-Level Resistance ↑

- DRV: High-Level Resistance ↑

- SQR: Intermediate Resistance ↑

 

INSTI

E92Q

- BIC: Potential Low-Level Resistance

- DTG: Potential Low-Level resistance

- EVG: High-Level Resistance

- RAL: Intermediate Resistance

  1. Newly developed mutations are highlighted in bold. All resistance interpretations were analyzed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database algorithm at the time of genotypic testing. The resistance levels shown reflect the interpretations provided by the algorithm at each testing timepoint. The arrow symbols indicate: ↑ increase in resistance level, ↓ decrease in resistance level
  2. Abbreviations: 3 TC for Lamivudine, ABC for Abacavir, AZT for Zidovudine, D4 T for Stavudine, DDI for Didanosine, FTC for Emtricitabine, TDF for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, DLV for Delavirdine, EFV for Efavirenz, ETR for Etravirine, NVP for Nevirapine, DOR for Doravirine, ATV for Atazanavir, DRV for Darunavir, FPV for Fosamprenavir, IDV for Indinavir, LPV for Lopinavir, NFV for Nelfinavir, SQV for Saquinavir, TPV for Tipranavir, BIC for Bictegravir, DTG for Dolutegravir, EVG for Elvitegravir, RAL for Raltegravir, NRTI for Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, NNRTI for Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, PI for Protease Inhibitors, and INSTI for Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X