Fig. 3

Comparison of antigen levels of recombinant H5N1 viruses by western blot analysis. Allantoic fluid from each recombinant H5N1 vaccine strain was loaded onto polyacrylamide gels. (a) Western blotting analysis was then performed using 22W_sera, which was also used in the cross-HI assay, for HA and the anti-NP pAb for the NP to visualize the levels of HA or NP antigens present in each virus. (b) To quantify the HA1 antigen, the intensity of the HA1 band relative to the NP band intensity was evaluated using ImageJ software. The HA1 and NP band intensities of 22W_PR8 were set as a baseline with a value of 1, and the relative HA1 band intensities, normalized to the NP band intensities, are presented as the mean ± SD from triplicate experiments. Statistical significance was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, with significant differences indicated by asterisks (****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant)