Table 1 The role of HPV in UC development

PCa

The current study showed that HPV-positive PCa has a different miRNA makeup than HPV-negative PCa.

[98]

PCa

The HPV/EBV coinfection may play a role in developing PCa by changing how cells behave.

[100]

PCa

The levels of anti-apoptotic factors and factors involved in angiogenesis and inflammation were significantly higher in the HPV-infected PCa group compared to the HPV-negative PCa group and the control group.

[96]

PCa

people who had HPV infections in the past had a 2.321 higher chance of getting PCa compared to people who had never had HPV infections

[94]

PCa

The average expression level of PTPN-13 and E-cadherin genes was lower in HPV-positive samples compared to HPV-negative samples. Researchers showed that HPV infection may play a role in the growth of PCa tumors by changing genes related to anoikis resistance.

[97]

BC

Investigators showed that having a family history of cancer and being infected with HPV may be able to predict tumor return in BC on their own. In general, researchers suggested that there is a link between HPV infection and a worsening of the disease and a higher risk of return in people with BC.

[111]

BC

The HPV-18 genotype, followed by HPV-33, -16, and − 39 genotypes, is the most common type of oncogene that can cause BC.

[110]

BC

Researchers’ results showed that HPV infection changes the tumor differentiation level. This means that the HPV test could be used to determine how the disease recurs or gets worse.

[112]

aBSCC

As seen in other HPV-related squamous cell carcinomas, HPV + aBSCC has fewer mutations that turn off cell cycle control genes.

[118]

TC

the information researchers have about the risks of HPV and TGCTs is mixed, and researchers need to do more research before researchers can say for sure what they are. Finally, there is no proof that CMV and Parvovirus B-19 impact the development of TC.

[20]

TC

people with TC often had changed sperm statistics and a higher rate of HPV semen infections, which got worse after radiation and treatment.

[130]

PC

HPV is linked to PC development, and knowing how different regions have different HPV gene distributions is essential for controlling and preventing PC.

[138]

PC

Different histopathological aspects of the cancerous growths were similar to those found in HPV-associated human PC.

[139]

SCC

Many people get penile SCC from HPV. The tumor’s anatomy and increase of p16 on IHC can both confirm the diagnosis.

[142]

SCSC

Normal SCSC, on the other hand, did not have HPV and showed immunostaining, which suggests a p53 mutation. The two ways that cancer starts and the link between the type of tissue in SCSC and HPV are the same as in PC.

[146]

kidney cancer (KC)

The results show that certain kinds of HR-HPV are linked to renal cell cancer. It is thought that HPV infection in high-grade tumors might stop the disease from getting worse in some types of tumors, especially the papillary form.

[154]

KC

Researchers showed that 31% of kidney donation patients have urothelial cancer but not RCC. Even though the sample size is small, young people with obstructive disease may be more likely to get significant T-positive urothelial cancer.

[155]